Table 1 Demographic characteristics according to the clusters.

From: Family management styles of families of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

 

Total

(n = 200)

Cluster 1

(n = 20)

Cluster 2

(n = 118)

Cluster 3

(n = 62)

F or χ2

(p)

Post-hoc*

Mean (SD) or N (%)

Respondent characteristics

Age (years)

42.09 (4.78)

44.20 (4.96)

41.21 (4.27)

43.08 (5.28)

5.513 (0.005)

1 > 2

1 = 3

2 < 3

Gender

    

30.753 (0.171)

 

Mother

184 (92%)

17 (85%)

107 (90.7%)

60 (96.8%)

  

Father

16 (8%)

3 (17%)

11 (9.3%)

2 (3.2%)

  

Education

    

11.715 (0.002)

1 < 2

1 < 3

2 < 3

High school graduate or less

25 (12.5%)

8 (40%)

12 (10.2%)

5 (8.1%)

  

College graduate or higher

175 (87.5%)

12 (60%)

106 (89.8%)

57 (91.9%)

  

Religion

    

7.095 (0.029)

1 > 2

1 = 3

2 = 3

Yes

86 (43%)

14 (70%)

45 (38.1%)

27 (43.5%)

  

No

114 (57%)

6 (30%)

73 (61.9%)

35 (56.5%)

  

Household income (thousand won)

    

6.290

(0.043)

1 = 2

1 = 3

2 = 3

< 5,500

121 (60.5%)

15 (75%)

63 (53.4%)

43 (69.4%)

  

≥ 5,500

79 (39.5%)

5 (25%)

55 (46.6%)

19 (30.6%)

  

Child characteristics

Age (years)

11.17 (4.27)

13.35 (5.19)

9.92 (3.64)

12.82 (4.28)

13.892 (< 0.001)

1 > 2

1 = 3

2 < 3

Gender

    

5.036 (0.081)

 

Girl

66 (33%)

6 (30%)

46 (39%)

14 (22.6%)

  

Boy

134 (67%)

14 (70%)

72 (61%)

48 (77.4%)

  

Autism

    

10.707 (0.005)

1 < 2

1 < 3

2 = 3

Yes

116

(58%)

5 (25%)

70 (59.3%)

41 (66.1%)

  

No

84 (42%)

15 (75%)

48 (40.7%)

21 (33.9%)

  
  1. SD = Standard deviation.
  2. * Bonferroni corrected p-value to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between each group.
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