Table 3 Family functioning and the quality of life of children and adolescents according to the clusters.

From: Family management styles of families of children and adolescents with developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

 

(Min–Max)

Total

(n = 200)

Cluster 1

(n = 20)

Cluster 2

(n = 118)

Cluster 3

(n = 62)

F (p)

Post- hoc*

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Family Functioning (total)

(18–48)

33.41 (5.88)

40.45 (5.37)

32.86 (4.87)

32.16 (6.33)

19.21 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 = 3

Child Quality of Life (total)

(13–114)

59.11 (20.51)

80.50 (16.00)

60.60 (17.10)

49.37 (21.93)

22.02 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3

Social inclusion

(1–18)

8.15 (3.01)

10.60 (2.82)

9.03 (2.31)

5.69 (2.71)

47.09 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3

Self- determination

(1–16)

9.42 (3.22)

11.60 (2.33)

10.35 (2.64)

6.95 (3.07)

37.91 (< 0.001)

1 = 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3

Emotional well-being

(1–14)

6.85 (3.37)

9.70 (3.34)

6.84 (2.85)

5.94 (3.79)

10.35 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 = 3

Physical well-being

(1–14)

5.79 (3.45)

7.15 (4.07)

5.51 (2.99)

5.89 (3.97)

1.99 (0.139)

 

Material well-being

(1–14)

7.75 (3.48)

11.00 (2.32)

7.21 (3.00)

7.73 (4.05)

11.20 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 = 3

Rights

(1–15)

7.28 (3.83)

10.85 (3.00)

6.92 (3.28)

6.81 (4.46)

10.59 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 = 3

Personal development

(1–14)

7.26 (3.34)

10.70 (3.36)

7.34 (2.62)

5.96 (3.75)

17.77 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3

Interpersonal relationships

(1–15)

6.62 (2.97)

8.90 (2.51)

7.41 (2.43)

4.39 (2.72)

37.91 (< 0.001)

1 > 2, 1 > 3, 2 > 3

  1. SD = Standard deviation.
  2. *Bonferroni test to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between each group.