Table 20 Belgium’s energy consumption: a 12-year review (2007–2019).

From: Sperm swarm optimization for many objective power flow problems with enhanced performance evaluation in power systems

Metric

maosso

nsga-iii

rvea

nmpso

moea/d-de

Total fuel cost (TFC)

1228.025 $/h

1949.051 $/h

1848.089 $/h

1941.929 $/h

1958.316 $/h

Total emission (TE)

0.159793 ton/h

0.18473 ton/h

594.6163 ton/h

0.390029 ton/h

0.240517 ton/h

Active power loss (APL)

47.25445 MW

95.56636 MW

156.2591 MW

57.67572 MW

1039.928 MW

Reactive power loss (RPL)

175.3431 MW

362.9468 MW

458.3494 MW

59.93182 MW

2304.264 MW

Voltage magnitude deviation (VMD)

1.971746 p.u

2.158881 p.u

4.314459 p.u

2.34857 p.u

5.407671 p.u

Voltage stability index (VSI)

0.232473 p.u

0.264358 p.u

0.333841 p.u

0.274474 p.u

0.84176 p.u

Runtime (RT)

0.025 s

0.03 s

0.035 s

0.04 s

0.05 s

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