Table 4 Significant standardized regression coefficients (β) for the effect of seasons on HRQoL, as measured using the SF-36 and MLHFQ questionnaires.

From: The role of seasonality on evaluating health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease

Dependent variables

R2

 

Sex

Age

NYHA

HADS-A

HADS-D

Winter

Spring

Summer

 SF-36

          

 Mental health

0.352

β

− 0.113

0.073

0.045

− 0.358

− 0.275

 

− 0.045

 
 

95% CI

(− 0.23, − 0.01)

(− 0.04, 0.19)

(− 0.07, 0.16)

(− 0.50, − 0.21)

(− 0.41, − 0.13)

 

(− 0.16, 0.07)

 
 

p

 < 0.001

0.006

0.083

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

0.075

 

0.354

β

− 0.118

0.077

0.050

− 0.355

− 0.277

  

0.066

 

95% CI

(− 0.24, − 0.01)

(− 0.047, 0.20)

(− 0.06, 0.16)

(− 0.50, − 0.20)

(− 0.42, − 0.13)

  

(− 0.05, 0.18)

 

p

 < 0.001

0.004

0.052

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

  

0.010

 Pain

0.065

β

− 0.071

− 0.004

− 0.026

− 0.143

− 0.094

0.071

  
  

95% CI

(− 0.29, 0.14)

(− 0.22, 0.21)

(− 0.23, 0.18)

(− 0.40, 0.11)

(− 0.35, 0.16)

(− 0.13, 0.27)

  
  

p

0.029

0.909

0.403

 < 0.001

0.013

0.019

  

Minnesota HRQoL

 Baseline Total

0.227

β

0.103

− 0.053

0.054

0.249

0.240

− 0.056

  
 

95% CI

(− 0.04, 0.25)

(− 0.19, 0.09)

(− 0.08, 0.19)

(0.07, 0.42)

(0.07, 0.40)

(− 0.19, 0.08)

  
 

p

 < 0.001

0.082

0.068

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.054

  

 After 2 years Total

0.176

β

0.051

− 0.064

0.191

0.224

0.154

− 0.059

  
 

95% CI

(− 0.07, 0.17)

(− 0.18, 0.05)

(0.07, 0.30)

(0.08, 0.36)

(0.01, 0.29)

(− 0.17, 0.05)

  
 

p

0.109

0.044

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.050

  

 After 2 years Physical

0.169

β

0.068

0.000

0.172

0.211

0.151

− 0.081

  
 

95% CI

(0.00, 0.13)

(− 0.06, 0.06)

(0.11, 0.23)

(0.13, 0.28)

(0.07, 0.22)

(− 0.14, − 0.02)

  
 

p

0.033

0.994

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.008

  

0.167

β

0.076

− 0.007

0.174

0.205

0.150

 

0.065

 
 

95% CI

(0.01, 0.13)

(− 0.07, 0.05)

(0.11, 0.23)

(0.13, 0.27)

(0.07, 0.22)

 

(0.00, 0.12)

 
 

p

0.018

0.815

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 

0.032

 
  1. NYHA New York Heart Association functional class; HADS-A Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; MLHFQ Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; SF-36 36-Item Short Form Medical Outcome Questionnaire; HRQoL Health-Related Quality of Life. Sex: 1 = M; 2 = W. NYHA—dummy variables—“0”—1–2 class; “1”—3 class; age, anxiety, depression—interval variables; seasons—dummy variables—winter/spring/summer – 0 = No; 1 = Yes.
  2. Significant values are in bold.
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