Table 4 Estimated isotherm parameters for adsorption of Cd(II) by Tin oxide nanoflowers.
Langmuir Parameters | Freundlich Parameters | ||
|---|---|---|---|
\(\:{q}_{mL}\) | 28.99 mg/g | \(\:n\) | 4.25 |
\(\:{K}_{L}\) | 2.15 L/mg | \(\:{K}_{F}\) | 17.49 (mg/g)·(mg/L)(−1/n)) |
\(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.923 | \(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.984 |
\(\:{X}^{2}\) | 1.605 | \(\:{X}^{2}\) | 0.439 |
\(\:ARE\) | 8.11 | \(\:ARE\) | 4.000 |
\(\:RMSE\) | 1.871 | \(\:RMSE\) | 0.845 |
\(\:HYBRID\) | 21.501 | \(\:HYBRID\) | 6.782 |
Temkin Parameters | D-R Parameters | ||
\(\:{K}_{t}\) | 45.85 L/mg | \(\:{q}_{mL}\) | 94.19 mg/g |
\(\:{b}_{t}\) | 17.0 kJ/mol | \(\:\beta\:\) | 0.00158 mol2/kJ2 |
\(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.9904 | \(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.9892 |
\(\:{X}^{2}\) | 0.168 | \(\:{X}^{2}\) | 0.301 |
\(\:ARE\) | 0.222 | \(\:ARE\) | 0.313 |
\(\:RMSE\) | 3.916 | \(\:RMSE\) | 4.459 |
\(\:HYBRID\) | 0.168 | \(\:HYBRID\) | 0.301 |
Sips Parameters | Toth Parameters | ||
\(\:{q}_{mL}\) | 57.13 mg/g | \(\:{q}_{mL}\) | 84.10 mg/g |
\(\:{\beta\:}_{s}\) | 0.379 | \(\:{t}_{0}\) | 0.194 |
\(\:{K}_{S}\) | 0.453 | \(\:{K}_{F}\) | 0.351 |
\(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.9894 | \(\:{R}^{2}\) | 0.9904 |
\(\:{X}^{2}\) | 0.252 | \(\:{X}^{2}\) | 0.221 |
\(\:ARE\) | 3.51 | \(\:ARE\) | 3.32 |
\(\:RMSE\) | 0.692 | \(\:RMSE\) | 0.659 |
\(\:HYBRID\) | 4.281 | \(\:HYBRID\) | 3.739 |
