Fig. 2

Presents forest plots illustrating the outcomes of Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian model averaging (BMA-MR) analyses evaluating the effects of lipids on LBP. The results include odds ratios (OR), P-values (P-val), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) derived from the IVW method. Furthermore, the outcomes of MR-BMA analysis are illustrated by B-OR and B-Pval, complemented by the forest plot that encapsulates the results of IVW investigations. Specifically, sphingomyelin (d38:2) refers to a distinct category of sphingomyelin lipids characterized by the fatty acid composition "d38:2," indicating a primary chain of 38 carbons with 2 double bonds within the sphingomyelin molecule.