Fig. 6

Morphological characterization of the synthesized materials. (a, b) Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images of DFNS and DFNS-ILs, respectively, illustrating the dendritic, fibrous structure retained after ionic liquid modification. (c, d) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of DFNS and DFNS-ILs, showing well-defined radial channels and uniform dispersion, indicating that the internal fibrous architecture is preserved following surface functionalization.