Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: Temperature-driven yield variation of super hybrid rice across ecological regions: mitigation by nitrogen management and genotype selection

Fig. 5

Mechanistic drivers of yield variations in super hybrid rice across contrasting ecological zones. (a–c) Relative importance of environmental variables (a), agronomic traits (b), and yield components (c) in explaining yield differences, as quantified by Random Forest modeling. (d) Direct and indirect effects of meteorological factors, yield components, and agronomic traits on yield variations under Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). Path coefficients represent standardized beta values (p < 0.05), with arrow thickness proportional to effect magnitude. AT: Accumulated temperature; DMT: Daily mean temperature; SR: Solar radiation; Tmax: Maximum temperature; Tmin: Minimum temperature; GW/LA: Grain weight per leaf area; FG/LA: Filled grains per leaf area; HI: Harvest Index; TDW: Total dry weight; CGR: Crop growth rate; GW: Grain weight; SPP: Spikelets per panicle; SSR: Seed setting rate; HD: Heading stage; GFS: Grain filling stage; PI: Panicle initiation stage; VGS: Vegetative growth stage; MA: Maturity stage.

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