Table 8 Predicted values and measured values of the displacements of the pile tops (Small sample).

From: Prediction of the displacements of the pile tops and ground surface around piles based on machine learning algorithms

Pile no

Measured value

Predicted value

BP

AdaBoost-BP

DNN

RF

Xgboost

1

46

28

58

55

62

61

2

72

83

83

67

59

48

3

32

26

35

37

34

32

4

87

64

67

72

81

58

5

63

46

69

55

56

59

6

77

87

71

83

62

65

7

53

72

63

64

71

69

8

39

68

41

35

49

42

9

59

56

69

51

52

53

10

61

80

71

67

77

72

11

90

100

88

81

87

96

12

39

55

45

27

47

41

R2

/

0.16

0.73

0.77

0.61

0.43

MAE

/

15.1

8.2

8.2

10.1

10.7

MSE

/

277.3

90.8

76.5

128.4

188.7

MAPE

/

28.2

13.8

14.6

18.2

16.6

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