Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Sunscreen application substantially mitigates molecular perturbations induced by repetitive UV exposure and maintains healthy skin

Fig. 4

SPF 30 pre-application preserves epigenetic stability and maintains Hallmarks of Health pathways following UV exposure, with minor residual molecular changes detectable. Colors: control (green), sunscreen protected UV (purple), unprotected UV (orange). In all panels, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. [a] Boxplot of promoter DNAm variance across groups; differences assessed by PERMANOVA. [b] Boxplot of enhancer DNAm variance across groups; differences assessed by PERMANOVA. [c] Circular plot provides an overview of the Hallmarks of Health pathway activity, which were found to be significantly regulated across treatments (red, upregulated; blue, downregulated; grey, not significant). Boxplots show sample‑level GSVA scores for each hallmark in control, SPF 30 + UV, and UV. Pairwise differences were tested with two‑sided paired Wilcoxon signed‑rank tests. Panel c adapted from the original Hallmarks of Health publication23.

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