Fig. 4

Functional predictions of intestinal microbiota in yaks receiving TCHMCs. (a, b) PCA plots of predicted microbial functions on days 15 and 30 reveal functional clustering that differentiates treatment groups from the control. (c, d) KEGG pathway analysis shows that TCHMCs enhanced microbial functions related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, and antioxidant activity, suggesting potential links to improved host physiological resilience (46).