Fig. 8

Effects of TCHMC supplementation on calf birth weight and maternal serum biomarkers. (a) Calf birth weights were significantly higher in treatment groups, particularly in WB, compared with control (WD). (b) Serum antioxidant indices (T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px) were elevated and MDA levels reduced in treated yaks, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity. (c) Inflammatory markers showed lower TNF-α and IL-6 but higher IL-10 in TCHMC groups, reflecting improved anti-inflammatory status. Together, these results suggest that TCHMC supplementation improved maternal health and neonatal outcomes.