Table 3 Clinical practice characteristics and types of MT techniques used for LBP treatment (N = 173).
Variables | Category/Description | n (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|---|
Frequency of MT use | Routinely (daily/near-daily) | 35 (20.2) |
Occasionally | 119 (68.8) | |
Rarely/Never | 19 (11.0) | |
Type of LBP treated | Acute/Subacute | 26 (15.0) |
Chronic | 46 (26.6) | |
Both acute & chronic | 101 (58.4) | |
Mean MT sessions per LBP patient | 2.8 ± 1.3 | |
Mean total treatment sessions per plan | 6.1 ± 2.5 | |
MT techniques used | Soft-tissue mobilization/myofascial release | 119 (68.8) |
Mulligan mobilization with movement (MWM) | 95 (54.9) | |
Maitland mobilization | 90 (52.0) | |
Kaltenborn traction/mobilization | 76 (43.9) | |
Cyriax deep-friction massage | 62 (35.8) | |
Neural mobilization | 56 (32.4) | |
Adjunctive modalities commonly combined with MT | Therapeutic exercise | 136 (78.6) |
Heat therapy | 114 (65.9) | |
Electrotherapy | 84 (48.6) | |
Primary aims of MT intervention | Pain reduction | 142 (82.1) |
Mobility restoration | 124 (71.7) | |
Functional improvement | 100 (57.8) | |
Relaxation | 33 (19.1) |
