Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to menopausal status.
Total (n = 2,181,166) | Menopausal status | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Premenopausal (n = 90,2825) | Postmenopausal (n = 1,278,341) | |||
Age, years | ||||
Mean ± SD | 54.8 ± 10.7 | 45.1 ± 4.2 | 61.6 ± 8.4 | < 0.0001 |
40–64 | 1,730,357 (79.3) | 900,140 (99.7) | 830,217 (64.9) | < 0.0001 |
≥65 | 450,809 (20.6) | 2685 (0.3) | 448,124 (35.0) | |
Reproductive history | ||||
Age at Menarche | 15.9 ± 1.9 | 15.1 ± 1.6 | 16.4 ± 1.8 | < 0.0001 |
Age at Menopause | 49.9 ± 3.9 | - | 49.9 ± 3.9 | |
Parity | < 0.0001 | |||
0 | 53,961 (2.4) | 32,618 (3.6) | 21,343 (1.6) | |
1 | 195,370 (8.9) | 119,798 (13.2) | 75,572 (5.9) | |
≥ 2 | 1,931,835 (88.5) | 750,409 (83.1) | 1,181,426 (92.4) | |
Brest feeding | < 0.0001 | |||
No | 244,149 (11.1) | 162,278 (17.9) | 81,871 (6.4) | |
< 6 months | 300,822 (13.7) | 221,070 (24.4) | 79,752 (6.2) | |
6 months-1 year | 453,730 (20.8) | 237,494 (26.3) | 216,236 (16.9) | |
≥ 1 year | 1,182,465 (54.2) | 281,983 (31.2) | 900,482 (70.4) | |
Oral contraceptives | < 0.0001 | |||
No | 1,867,204 (85.6) | 786,490 (87.1) | 1,080,714 (84.5) | |
< 1 year | 204,325 (9.3) | 85,606 (9.4) | 118,719 (9.2) | |
≥ 1 year | 109,637 (5.0) | 30,729 (3.4) | 78,908 (6.1) | |
Hormone replacement therapy | ||||
No | 1,074,250 (84.0) | - | 1,074,250 (84.0) | |
< 2 years | 118,598 (9.2) | - | 118,598 (9.2) | |
2–5 years | 48,596 (3.8) | - | 48,596 (3.8) | |
≥ 5 years | 36,897 (2.8) | - | 36,897 (2.8) | |
Prior benign breast tumor | 168,990 (7.7) | 91,107 (10.0) | 77,883 (6.0) | < 0.0001 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 197,425 (9.0) | 32,277 (3.5) | 165,148 (12.9) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension | 662,670 (30.3) | 120,389 (13.3) | 542,281 (42.4) | < 0.0001 |
Dyslipidemia | 512,579 (23.5) | 98,057 (10.8) | 414,522 (32.4) | < 0.0001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 189,488 (8.6) | 38,107 (4.2) | 151,381 (11.8) | < 0.0001 |
Heart failure | 1547 (0.07) | 80 (0.0) | 1467 (0.1) | < 0.0001 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 6347 (0.2) | 804 (0.0) | 5543 (0.4) | < 0.0001 |
Prior ischemic stroke | 11,063 (0.5) | 911 (0.1) | 10,152 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiometabolic | 1,849,067 (84.7) | 675,127 (74.7) | 1,173,940 (91.8) | < 0.0001 |
Alcohol-related liver disease | 21,566 (0.9) | 7090 (0.7) | 14,476 (1.1) | < 0.0001 |
Concomitant liver disease | 85,091 (3.9) | 26,897 (2.9) | 58,194 (4.5) | < 0.0001 |
Social history | ||||
Smoking | < 0.0001 | |||
Never | 2,089,918 (95.8) | 858,502 (95.0) | 1,231,416 (96.3) | |
Former | 27,656 (1.2) | 14,289 (1.5) | 13,367 (1.0) | |
Current | 63,592 (2.9) | 30,034 (3.3) | 33,558 (2.6) | |
Drinking | < 0.0001 | |||
Non | 1,771,848 (81.2) | 649,300 (71.9) | 1,122,548 (87.8) | |
Moderate | 373,746 (17.1) | 231,216 (25.6) | 142,530 (11.1) | |
Heavy | 30,730 (1.4) | 19,400 (2.1) | 11,330 (0.8) | |
Alcoholic | 4842 (0.2) | 2909 (0.3) | 1933 (0.1) | |
Regular exercise | 391,471 (17.9) | 156,363 (17.3) | 235,108 (18.3) | < 0.0001 |
Income, Low | 497,190 (22.7) | 223,265 (24.7) | 273,925 (21.4) | < 0.0001 |
Health examination | ||||
Height, cm | 155.1 ± 5.8 | 157.5 ± 5.1 | 153.4 ± 5.7 | < 0.0001 |
Weight, kg | 57.2 ± 8.2 | 57.6 ± 8.0 | 56.9 ± 8.2 | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 3.1 | 23.2 ± 3.06 | 24.1 ± 3.1 | < 0.0001 |
<18.5 | 53,011 (2.4) | 25,210 (2.7) | 27,801 (2.1) | < 0.0001 |
18.5–23 | 881,331 (40.4) | 444,047 (49.1) | 437,284 (34.2) | |
23–25 | 548,070 (25.1) | 211,106 (23.3) | 336,964 (26.3) | |
25–30 | 615,800 (28.2) | 194,746 (21.5) | 421,054 (32.9) | |
≥30 | 82,954 (3.8) | 27,716 (3.0) | 55,238 (4.3) | |
Waist Circumference, cm | 78.0 ± 8.4 | 75.2 ± 7.7 | 80.0 ± 8.2 | < 0.0001 |
SBP, mmHg | 122.2 ± 15.9 | 117.3 ± 14.3 | 125.7 ± 16.1 | < 0.0001 |
DBP, mmHg | 75.4 ± 10.2 | 73.1 ± 9.9 | 76.9 ± 10.15 | < 0.0001 |
Laboratory results | ||||
Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 97.2 ± 22.1 | 93.7 ± 17.9 | 99.7 ± 24.3 | < 0.0001 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 84.9 ± 28.7 | 89.0 ± 29.0 | 82.0 ± 28.2 | < 0.0001 |
Total Cholesterol, mg/dL | 201.3 ± 37.7 | 192.0 ± 34.0 | 207.9 ± 38.7 | < 0.0001 |
Triglyceride, mg/dL* | 104.1 (104.0-104.2) | 88.7 (88.6–88.8) | 116.5 (116.4-116.6) | < 0.0001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.5 ± 31.8 | 59.9 ± 30.0 | 57.5 ± 33.0 | < 0.0001 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 120.3 ± 37.7 | 113.1 ± 35.6 | 125.4 ± 38.3 | < 0.0001 |
AST, IU/L* | 22.4 (22.4–22.4) | 20.5 (20.5–20.5) | 23.9 (23.9–23.9) | < 0.0001 |
ALT, IU/L* | 18.6 (18.6–18.7) | 16.7 (16.7–16.7) | 20.1 (20.1–20.2) | < 0.0001 |
γ-GTP, IU/L* | 19.2 (19.2–19.2) | 17.2 (17.2–17.3) | 20.7 (20.6–20.7) | < 0.0001 |
