Table 2 Incidence rates and hazard ratios of atrial fibrillation by menopausal status and steatotic liver disease Type.

From: The influence of menopausal phase on atrial fibrillation risk in steatotic liver disease patients: a nationwide cohort study

SLD group

N

Event

IR per 1000 PY

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

Model 4

HR (95% CI)

Model 5

HR (95% CI)

Premenopausal

No SLD

779,082

4182

0.65

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

MASLD

112,032

1008

1.08

1.67 (1.56–1.79)

1.45 (1.35–1.56)

1.44 (1.35–1.55)

1.44 (1.34–1.54)

1.43 (1.33–1.53)

MASLD with other combined etiology

5663

76

1.61

2.50 (1.99–3.13)

2.01 (1.60–2.52)

1.94 (1.55–2.44)

1.97 (1.57–2.48)

1.91 (1.52–2.40)

MetALD

5046

63

1.50

2.32 (1.81–2.98)

2.25 (1.75–2.88)

2.25 (1.75–2.88)

2.07 (1.60–2.66)

2.07 (1.60–2.66)

ALD

1002

14

1.67

2.59 (1.53–4.38)

2.45 (1.45–4.14)

2.44 (1.44–4.13)

2.17 (1.28–3.68)

2.16 (1.27–3.67)

P - value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

Postmenopausal

No SLD

885,515

25,337

3.43

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

MASLD

362,751

15,085

5.00

1.45 (1.42–1.48)

1.30 (1.28–1.33)

1.29 (1.26–1.32)

1.30 (1.27–1.33)

1.29 (1.26–1.31)

MASLD with other combined etiology

24,478

1106

5.44

1.58 (1.49–1.68)

1.46 (1.37–1.55)

1.42 (1.34–1.51)

1.45 (1.37–1.54)

1.42 (1.34–1.51)

MetALD

4702

157

4.02

1.17 (1.00-1.37)

1.62 (1.39–1.90)

1.62 (1.38–1.89)

1.57 (1.34–1.83)

1.57 (1.34–1.83)

ALD

895

33

4.44

1.29 (0.92–1.82)

1.72 (1.22–2.42)

1.73 (1.23–2.43)

1.66 (1.18–2.3)

1.66 (1.18–2.34)

P - value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

  1. * IR per 1000 PY.
  2. Model 1: Unadjusted.
  3. Model 2: Adjusted for age.
  4. Model 3: Adjusted for age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and prior ischemic stroke.
  5. Model 4 (in premenopausal): Adjusted for age, income, smoking, regular exercise, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive, and age at menarche.
  6. Model 4 (in postmenopausal): Adjusted for age, income, smoking, regular exercise, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive, age at menarche, age at menopause, and hormone replacement therapy.
  7. Model 5 (in premenopausal): Adjusted for age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, prior ischemic stroke, income, smoking, regular exercise, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive, and age at menarche.
  8. Model 5 (in postmenopausal): Adjusted for age, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, prior ischemic stroke, income, smoking, regular exercise, parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive, age at menarche, age at menopause, hormone replacement therapy.
  9. Abbreviations: ALD, Alcohol abuse/misuse, or alcohol-related liver disease; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IR, incidence rate; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease; MetALD, MASLD and increased alcohol intake; PY, person-year; SLD, Steatotic liver disease.
Back to article page