Fig. 4 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 4

From: Silicon nanoparticles ameliorate salt stress in cluster bean by improving antioxidant defense and ion homeostasis

Fig. 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Effects of biostimulants and salinity levels on anthocyanin (a), total phenol content (b) and total flavonoid content (c) of cluster bean. NSi1, NSi2 and NSi3 treatments: foliar applications of 50, 100 and 200 mg L− 1 SiO2-NPs; Si1, Si2 and Si3 treatments: foliar applications of 50, 100 and 200 mg L− 1 Na2SiO3; C treatment: foliar applications of distilled water; S1, S2 and S3 treatments: 0, 6, and 12 dS m− 1 NaCl. Different letters above the columns indicate statistically significant differences at p ≤ 0.05 according to LSD test. * and **: significant at p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively and ns: non-significant. Data shown are means of three replicates per treatment.

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