Table 1 Characteristics of study participants.
Characteristics | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
Sample size | 2487 |
Age (years) | 59.3 ± 12.9 |
Sex | |
Males | 908 (36.5) |
Females | 1579 (63.5) |
Residential region | |
Rural | 744 (29.9) |
Urban | 1743 (70.1) |
Education level | |
Less than elementary school | 760 (30.6) |
Middle school | 349 (14.0) |
High school | 762 (30.6) |
College or graduate school | 616 (24.8) |
Household income quartiles (million Korean won) | |
Lower (≤ 0.78) | 612 (24.6) |
Lower-middle (0.79–1.59) | 644 (25.9) |
Upper-middle (1.60–2.59) | 617 (24.8) |
Upper (> 2.59) | 614 (24.7) |
Alcohol consumption (time/month) | |
Never | 1146 (46.1) |
≤ 1 | 678 (27.3) |
2–15 | 529 (21.3) |
≥ 16 | 134 (5.4) |
Smoking status | |
Never or former-smokers | 2160 (86.9) |
Current smokers | 327 (13.1) |
Physical activity engagement | |
Low physical activity (< 150 min/week moderate and < 75 min/week vigorous) | 1829 (73.5) |
High physical activity (≥ 150 min/week moderate or ≥ 75 min/week vigorous) | 658 (26.5) |
Physical activity type | |
No exercise | 1589 (63.9) |
Moderate exercise only | 503 (20.3) |
Vigorous exercise only | 152 (6.1) |
Both moderate and vigorous | 243 (9.7) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.2 ± 3.2 |
Body mass index classification (kg/m2) | |
Normal weight (≤ 22.9) | 1266 (50.9) |
Overweight (23.0–24.9) | 551 (22.2) |
Obese (> 24.9) | 670 (26.9) |
Dyslipidemia status | |
Yes | 669 (26.9) |
No | 1818 (73.1) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.4 ± 16.8 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.1 ± 9.6 |
Hypertension status | |
Yes | 432 (17.4) |
No | 2,055 (82.6) |
Antihypertensive medication use | |
Yes | 171 (6.9) |
No | 2316 (93.1) |
