Fig. 7

Showing comparative antibiofilm activity of Salvia officinalis L. extract (SaO), MNPs (Fe3O4NPs and SeNPs), and their composites (SaO-Fe3O4NPs, SaO-SeNPs) against Gram-negative bacteria (A) P. mirabilis, (B) P. aeruginosa, and (C) E. coli relative to meropenem, as determined by the crystal violet staining assay. Data are presented as mean ± SE of three independent biological replicates (n = 3).