Fig. 4

Effect of root promoter application on dry matter accumulation in tobacco plants, roots, stems, and leaves at 30d (a) and 60d (b) after transplanting. The stacked bars represent the dry matter distribution in roots, stems, and leaves, while the black bars represent the total plant dry matter. PH, Potassium Humate; HIEC, Hymexazol and Isorothiolane Emulsifiable Concentrate; CS, Chitosan; CG, Control Group. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in total dry matter accumulation among treatments (one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range test, p < 0.05).