Fig. 2

Phosphate solubilizing activities of dual-strain consortia and single strains. Averages and standard errors are provided. Dual-strain consortia consisted of either Kosakonia cowanii SD1 or Xanthomonas spp. SD2 combined with another SD-source isolate. SD1 and SD2 were chosen due to their evident synergistic effects for phosphate solubilizing activity (Fig. 1). Names of bacterial strains are given in Table S1. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among bacterial treatments based on Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.