Fig. 2

OPC apoptosis, OL apoptosis and OL differentiation. (A). OPCs apoptosis(\(\:\stackrel{-}{X}\)±SD)(50 μm): PDGFRα⁺ OPCs showed a rise in TUNEL⁺ nuclei after OGD/R (P<0.01 vs. CON); 5 µg/mL VitC restored apoptosis to baseline (P < 0.01 vs. OGD/R). (B). OLs apoptosis \(\:\stackrel{-}{X}\)±SD (50 μm): MBP⁺ OLs displayed an increase in TUNEL⁺ cells following OGD/R (P < 0.01 vs. CON); VitC halved the apoptotic index (P<0.05 vs. OGD/R). (C). OLs differentiation \(\:\stackrel{-}{X}\)±SD (50 μm): Proportion of MBP⁺ mature OLs was significantly decreased compared to CON after OGD/R (P < 0.001); VitC recovered differentiation (P < 0.01 vs. OGD/R). (D). Oxidative stress markers \(\:\stackrel{-}{X}\)±SD: OGD/R elevated intracellular ROS and MDA levels in OPCs and OLs, while VitC co-treatment attenuated these oxidative stress markers (all P<0.05). Scale bar=50 μm and located in the bottom-right corner. Cells were subjected to 1 h OGD in the presence or absence of VitC (5 µg/mL), followed by 24 h reoxygenation with continuous VitC exposure where applicable. Data are from n = 3 independent biological replicates (primary OPCs/OLs from 3 litters), with ≥ 5 fields quantified per replicate.