Table 2 Relationship of voltage between components of the proposed converter.

From: Machine learning-based MPPT integration with quadratic double-extended DC-DC converter for grid-connected PV-powered BLDC electric vehicles

Voltage/Time

Mode 1 (\({\varvec{\delta}}_{1}\varvec{T}\varvec{s})\)

Mode 2\({\varvec{\delta}}_{2}\varvec{T}\varvec{s})\)

Mode 3\({\varvec{\delta}}_{3}\varvec{T}\varvec{s})\)

\({v}_{L1}\)

\({V}_{in}-{V}_{C1}\)

\({V}_{in}-{C}_{1}\)

\({V}_{in}\)

\({v}_{L2}\)

\(-{V}_{C1}\)

\({V}_{C1}\)

\(-{V}_{C1}\)

\({v}_{L3}\)

\({V}_{Co}\)

\({V}_{Co}\)

\(-{V}_{C1}\)

\({v}_{D1}\)

\({V}_{Co}\)

\({V}_{Co}\)

\(0\)

\({v}_{D2}\)

\({V}_{C1}+{V}_{Co}\)

0

0

\({v}_{D3}\)

0

0

\({V}_{C1}\)

\({v}_{S1}\)

0

\({V}_{C1}+{V}_{Co}\)

\({V}_{C1}+{V}_{Co}\)

\({v}_{S2}\)

\({V}_{C1}\)

\({V}_{C1}\)

0