Abstract
The Nottingham Stroke Dressing Assessment (NSDA) is a scale for assessing the ability and independence to dress people who have suffered a stroke. The objective of this study was to update the original scale and create its Spanish version. The NSDA scale was reviewed, translated, cross-culturally adapted, and validated. A standardised multi-step translation and updating protocol was implemented to achieve optimal conceptual and semantic equivalence and validate it. The Spanish version was validated in 110 stroke survivors. The exploratory analysis generated 12 factors. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α = 0.92). Intra-rater reliability was high (ICC = 0.92). The correlation between the ENVI-R and the FMA was demonstrated and significant (r = 0.34–0.5). The updated, translated, and culturally validated Spanish version of this scale can be used reliably and validly in research and clinical practice after demonstrating adequate and significant psychometric properties. The use of these scales will improve the quality of stroke-dressing assessment and allow for reliable comparisons.
Data availability
Most of the research data is included in the manuscript. Additional research details are available upon request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank all patients who participated in this study and all the collaboration centres that allowed evaluations to be carried out in their facilities, such as Integra Daño Cerebral, Dacemur, CMVCaridad Puerto Lumbreras, Asociación DISMO, CIAN Grupo 5, Neuroavanzo, Caser Salud, Neuron, and Fundación AISSE. Thanks also to the University of Nottingham, as well as to the original authors, and to all the people involved in this research.
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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
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PBZ: reading of literature, translation, obtaining ethics committee approval, data analysis and interpretation, patient recruitment, validation, writing, review, supervision. JAMB: reading of literature, conceptualization, design, analysis and interpretation of data, validation, review, supervision. AJFS: reading of bibliography, analysis and interpretation of data, review. MRB: reading of bibliography, analysis and interpretation of data, review. ACS: translation, analysis and interpretation of data, review. EG: reading of bibliography, design analysis and interpretation of data, review. MW: reading of bibliography, conceptualization, analysis and interpretation of data, review. DPC: reading of literature, obtaining ethics committee approval, data analysis and interpretation, validation, review, supervision.
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de Blas-Zamorano, P., Merchán-Baeza, J., Fernández-Solano, A.J. et al. Update, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of Nottingham Stroke Dressing Assessment into Spanish. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44069-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44069-4
