Fig. 3

When \(R_0>1\), the existence of the root of Eq. (5) under different conditions. (a) \(R_*<R_0\), (b) \(R_*>R_0\), (c) \(R_*=R_0\).

When \(R_0>1\), the existence of the root of Eq. (5) under different conditions. (a) \(R_*<R_0\), (b) \(R_*>R_0\), (c) \(R_*=R_0\).