Table 3 Topics and corresponding topic words included in each period.
Period | Topics | Keywords |
|---|---|---|
1988/8–2006/6 | Topic 1 (Mechanical treatment) | Temperature, cobalt, meta, anode, apparatus, neutral, pyrolysis, separate, powder, mixture |
Topic 2 (Lithium cobaltate recovery) | Cobalt, solution, acid, content, aluminum, cathode, slurry, moisture, dissolution, separate | |
Topic 3 (Solvent treatment) | Solvent, hydrocarbon, gas, solute, ester, reactor, impurities, particle, dioxide, electrolyte | |
Topic 4 (Valuable metal recovery) | Metal, cobalt, solution, layer, acid, cathode, electrode, temperature, electrolysis, aluminum | |
Topic 5 (Lithium carbonate recovery) | Carbonate, metal, mother, liquor, brine, transition, surface, sieve, temperature, polymer | |
Topic 6 (Electrolyte treatment) | Electrolyte, water, gas, liquid, absorption, monomer, polymer, temperature, oxidation, vinyl | |
Topic 7 (Electrode material recovery) | Anode, cathode, solution, circuit, carbon, gas, electrode, solvent, temperature, polymer | |
Topic 8 (Polymer treatment) | Polymer, Compound, particle, electrolyte, powder, mixture, chamber, slurry, film, polyethylene | |
Topic 9 (Amorphous titanium oxide hydrate) | Oxidative, titanium, composition, coating, pyrolysis, compound, pore, catalyst, mixture, medium | |
2006/7–2010/3 | Topic 1 (Active material) | Cathode, aluminum, iron, alloy, cover, nickel, graphite, compound, silicon, ratio |
Topic 2 (Valuable metal recovery) | Solution, cobalt, electrode, hydroxide, metal, acid, mixture, degree, extract, temperature | |
Topic 3 (Waste conversion) | Powder, cathode, iron, phosphate, carbon, conversion, ratio, cobalt, copper, foil | |
Topic 4 (Electrode material recovery) | Metal, powder, solution, anode, temperature, salt, cathode, mixture, safety, collector | |
Topic 5 (Recovery device) | Carbon, unit, nanotube, discharge, voltage, energy, pack, support, module, operation | |
Topic 6 (Water leaching) | Film, base, methyl, substance, slurry, ratio, agent, adhesiveness, solvent, polymer | |
Topic 7 (Mechanical treatment) | Heat, medium, unit, supply, cool, compound, temperature, adsorption, condensate, cooler | |
Topic 8 (Solvent treatment) | Solvent, electrode, unit, polymer, layer, liquid, compound, halogen, fluoride, slurry | |
Topic 9 (Lithium hydroxide recovery) | Solution, membrane, gas, hydroxide, supply, output, acid, lipid, chamber, deterioration | |
2010/4–2015/8 | Topic 1 (Electrode material recovery) | Metal, solution, heat, carbon, energy, air, cathode, temperature, transition, solvent |
Topic 2 (Recovery device) | Electrode, core, carbon, unit, storage, apparatus, structure, information, plate, nanotube | |
Topic 3 (Other components) | Carbon, voltage, circuit, module, compound, supply, ester, substrate, capacitor, housing | |
Topic 4 (Separator treatment) | Film, electrode, collector, layer, cathode, anode, metal, binder, apparatus, unit | |
Topic 5 (Mechanical treatment) | Chamber, cathode, powder, oxidative, metal, apparatus, prepare, manufacture, scrap, deposit | |
Topic 6 (Valuable metal recovery) | Solution, metal, cobalt, acid, iron, phosphate, mixture, aluminum, nickel, copper | |
Topic 7 (Water leaching) | Compound, particle, electrode, distil, mixture, temperature, metal, degree, sulfite, column | |
2015/5–2018/2 | Topic 1 (Electrode material recovery) | Solution, powder, cobalt, precursor, hydroxide, precipitate, acid, anode, ratio, nickel |
Topic 2 (Recovery device) | Heat, utilization, energy, storage, pipeline, body, pipe, plate, module, machine | |
Topic 3 (Valuable metal recovery) | Solution, degree, metal, mixture, filtrate, cobalt, acid, nickel, manganese, sulfite | |
Topic 4 (Waste pollutant treatment) | Solution, phosphate, hole, salt, acid, liquid, extract, gas, wastewater, treatment | |
Topic 5 (Other components) | Temperature, furnace, absorption, membrane, separate, resistance, unit, electrode, outlet, substrate | |
Topic 6 (Water leaching) | Electrode, layer, solvent, collector, cathode, solution, metal, particle, surface, aluminum | |
Topic 7 (Separator treatment) | Liquid, membrane, carbon, electrolyte, chamber, shell, separate, unit, copper, plate | |
2018/3–2022/12 | Topic 1 (Water leaching) | Phase, solvent, extract, liquid, salt, oil, oxalate, composition, stream, evaporator |
Topic 2 (Mechanical treatment) | Aluminum, copper, foil, separate, electrode, liquid, cobalt, extract, piece, titanium | |
Topic 3 (Separator treatment) | Film, capacitor, piece, unit, separate, electrode, coat, membrane, polymer, diaphragm | |
Topic 4 (Battery condition monitoring) | Energy, storage, supply, vehicle, apparatus, discharge, exchange, switch, capacitor, accumulator | |
Topic5 (Heat treatment) | Water, temperature, degree, hydrogen, vacuum, furnace, ratio, pressure, time, rate | |
Topic 6 (Valuable metal recovery) | Solution, cobalt, acid, hydroxide, metal, precipitate, sodium, liquid, sulfite, nickel | |
Topic 7 (Carbon cathode material recovery) | Particle, sheet, anode, carbon, silicon, layer, surface, core, collector, precursor | |
Topic 8 (Electrolyte treatment) | Electrolyte, module, compound, pack, composition, solvent, alkyl, charge, contact, housing | |
Topic 9 (Waste pollutant treatment) | Filtrate, filter, reaction, tank, slurry, wastewater, dioxide, residue, gas, ammonia | |
Topic 10 (Recovery device) | Plate, box, utilization, mechanism, body, tank, pipe, shell, frame, shaft | |
Topic 11 (Lithium iron phosphate recovery) | Iron, phosphate, source, solution, phosphorus, acid, reaction, filtrate, powder, mixture | |
Topic 12 (Electrode material recovery) | Electrode, metal, cathode, cobalt, mixture, anode, nickel, element, solution, powder | |
Topic 13 (Green recovery) | Gas, powder, treatment, pyrolysis, reduction, metal, absorption, tail, bioleaching, oxidative |
