Abstract
Exploring the risk factors for postoperative rebound pain (RP) in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy under brachial plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia. This study is a prospective observational study. Clinical data of patients were used as predictors for intergroup comparisons. Univariate analysis identified statistically significant influencing factors, which were then subjected to multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. This process ultimately identified independent risk factors for postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. A clinical prediction model was constructed based on the results of statistical analysis to predict the risk of RP after brachial plexus block, and the predictive efficacy of the prediction model was evaluated. 120 surgical patients were finally included in this study. There were 24 patients who experienced RP and the remaining 96 patients did not experience RP. The incidence of rebound pain was 20%. Age (OR 0.956, 95%CI 0.916–0.998) and moderate preoperative pain (4 ≤ Numerical rating scale (NRS) < 7) (OR 4.977, 95%CI 1.262–19.631) are independent risk factors for postoperative RP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the plotted column plot was 0.687 (95% CI 0.554–0.819). High clinical incidence of postoperative RP in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy under brachial plexus nerve block combined with general anesthesia. Age and preoperative pain are associated with the occurrence of RP. The RP prediction model developed in this study can provide some assistance in clinically predicting the occurrence of RP in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. The study was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400083036). This study is based on a prospective experimental design. It has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Ningbo Second Hospital (NBEY-ERB2024-022).
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Abbreviations
- RP:
-
Rebound pain
- P:
-
Rebound pain group
- n-P:
-
Non-rebound pain group
- NRS:
-
Numerical rating scale
- ROC:
-
Receiver operating characteristic
- AUC:
-
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
- ARCP:
-
Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair
- PNB:
-
Peripheral nerve blocks
- s-PNB:
-
Single peripheral nerve blocks
- c-PNB:
-
Continuous peripheral nerve blocks
- ASA:
-
American society of anesthesiologists
- PACU:
-
Post-anesthesia care unit
- SD:
-
Standard deviations
- IQR:
-
Interquartile ranges
- OR:
-
Odds ratio
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
Acknowledgements
Special thanks go to Nurse Manager Xu Min for her post-operative care of the patients involved in this research.
Funding
This study was supported by grants of the Ningbo Leading Medical & Health Discipline (2022-B10), Ningbo Medical and Health Brand Discipline (PPXK2024-05), the Young Health Backbone Talents Training Program of Ningbo(2025JSPT-03), Zhu Xiu Shan Talent Project of Ningbo No.2 Hospital (2023HMJQ18), and HwaMei Research Foundation of Ningbo No.2 Hospital (2024HMKYB66).
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Liu, Y., Zhang, B., Wang, L. et al. Risk factors and prediction models of postoperative rebound pain in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy with brachial plexus block combined with general anesthesia. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47057-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47057-w
