Fig. 21

Prevention-only control strategy (\(p=0.5142\)): With treatment control \(v(t)=0\), prevention efforts alone cannot fully suppress oscillations, highlighting the need for combined interventions.

Prevention-only control strategy (\(p=0.5142\)): With treatment control \(v(t)=0\), prevention efforts alone cannot fully suppress oscillations, highlighting the need for combined interventions.