Table 2 Rates of substitution by robots.

From: Robots, labor markets, and universal basic income

 

Lower

Higher

 

Substituted

No

Substituted

No

No income no tax

72.2%

27.8%

29.2%

70.8%

Income

84.2%

15.8%

9.1%

90.9%

Tax

59.6%

40.4%

7.7%

92.3%

Income and tax

63.8%

36.4%

15.4%

84.6%