Table 2 Results of the replica tape measurements of archaeological test samples.

From: When was silcrete heat treatment invented in South Africa?

Site	Sample no.	Ra [µm]	Ln(Ra)	S	x on function [Ln(Ra)]	y on function [S]	Result
DFT2	200888	11.75	2.464	−9.85	2.454	−9.83	Indet.
DFT2	200121	13.06	2.570	−9.84	2.519	−9.78	Indet.
DFT2	200143	12.69	2.541	−9.82	2.510	−9.79	Indet.
DFT2	200146	9.60	2.262	−10.01	2.253	−10.00	Indet.
DFT2	200151	18.00	2.890	−9.47	2.892	−9.47	Not-heated
DFT2	200167	13.31	2.589	−9.74	2.579	−9.73	Indet.
DFT2	200172	14.94	2.704	−9.62	2.707	−9.62	Not-heated
DFT2	200199	16.66	2.813	−9.53	2.816	−9.53	Not-heated
DFT2	200200	10.82	2.381	−9.99	2.333	−9.93	Indet.
DFT2	200203	24.20	3.186	−9.30	3.153	−9.26	Not-heated
DFT2	200205	13.63	2.612	−9.80	2.564	−9.74	Indet.
DFT2	200209	15.21	2.722	−9.70	2.681	−9.65	Not-heated
DFT2	200210	8.83	2.178	−10.03	2.193	−10.05	Indet.
DFT2	200250	11.38	2.432	−9.85	2.435	−9.85	Indet.
DFT2	200265	11.89	2.476	−9.79	2.489	−9.80	Indet.
DFT2	200266	12.50	2.526	−9.77	2.526	−9.77	Indet.
DFT2	200268	24.20	3.186	−9.30	3.153	−9.26	Not-heated
DFT2	200298	13.23	2.582	−9.83	2.534	−9.77	Indet.
DFT2	200312	14.89	2.701	−9.78	2.625	−9.69	Indet.
DFT2	200329	10.63	2.364	−9.88	2.376	−9.90	Indet.
DFT2	200330	14.04	2.642	−9.73	2.615	−9.70	Indet.
DFT2	200349	12.97	2.563	−9.82	2.523	−9.78	Indet.
DFT2	200354	12.07	2.491	−9.92	2.435	−9.85	Indet.
DFT2	200376	19.06	2.948	−9.48	2.921	−9.45	Not-heated
DFT2	200423	13.25	2.584	−9.75	2.574	−9.73	Indet.
DFT2	200428	11.24	2.419	−9.85	2.427	−9.86	Indet.
DFT2	200435	10.84	2.383	−9.89	2.385	−9.89	Indet.
DFT2	200440	12.17	2.499	−9.77	2.510	−9.79	Indet.
DFT2	200481	14.55	2.678	−9.69	2.657	−9.67	Not-heated
DFT2	200485	12.11	2.494	−9.81	2.490	−9.80	Indet.
DFT2	200487	10.49	2.350	−9.91	2.355	−9.92	Indet.
DFT2	200490	19.74	2.983	−9.48	2.942	−9.43	Not-heated
DFT2	200507	21.34	3.061	−9.30	3.076	−9.32	Not-heated
DFT2	200522	16.99	2.833	−9.56	2.813	−9.54	Not-heated
DFT2	200534	17.05	2.836	−9.63	2.780	−9.56	Not-heated
DFT2	200541	11.95	2.481	−9.85	2.463	−9.83	Indet.
DFT2	200545	11.67	2.457	−9.91	2.420	−9.86	Indet.
DFT2	200548	10.36	2.338	−9.99	2.307	−9.95	Indet.
DFT2	200568	12.68	2.540	−9.81	2.514	−9.78	Indet.
DFT2	200607	11.98	2.483	−9.85	2.464	−9.83	Indet.
DFT2	200791	14.51	2.675	−9.62	2.689	−9.64	Not-heated
DFT2	200808	15.81	2.761	−9.58	2.759	−9.58	Not-heated
DFT2	200809	12.07	2.491	−9.80	2.492	−9.80	Indet.
DFT2	200817	10.41	2.343	−10.06	2.276	−9.98	Indet.
DFT2	200822	13.04	2.568	−9.73	2.573	−9.73	Indet.
DFT2	200825	10.07	2.310	−9.97	2.302	−9.96	Indet.
DFT2	200852	12.84	2.553	−9.74	2.558	−9.75	Indet.
DFT2	200866	12.75	2.546	−9.74	2.556	−9.75	Indet.
DFT2	200882	15.02	2.709	−9.59	2.724	−9.61	Not-heated
DFT2	200883	13.82	2.626	−9.66	2.640	−9.68	Indet.
DFT2	200889	11.00	2.398	−9.85	2.415	−9.87	Indet.
DFT2	200890	10.94	2.392	−9.87	2.400	−9.88	Indet.
DFT2	200903	19.30	2.960	−9.40	2.967	−9.41	Not-heated
DFT2	200913	24.29	3.190	−9.29	3.160	−9.25	Not-heated
DFT2	200921	11.07	2.404	−9.83	2.425	−9.86	Indet.
DFT2	200922	14.43	2.669	−9.64	2.677	−9.65	Not-heated
DFT2	200923	13.49	2.602	−9.70	2.606	−9.71	Indet.
DFT2	200942	15.30	2.728	−9.59	2.735	−9.60	Not-heated
DFT2	200943	10.77	2.377	−9.92	2.367	−9.90	Indet.
DFT2	200963	10.23	2.325	−9.93	2.330	−9.94	Indet.
DFT2	201042	10.09	2.312	−9.96	2.307	−9.95	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 1	11.57	2.448	−9.82	2.457	−9.83	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 2	17.55	2.865	−9.63	2.800	−9.55	Not-heated
DFT2	rNo. 3	11.10	2.407	−9.87	2.408	−9.87	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 4	9.89	2.292	−9.98	2.284	−9.97	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 5	15.92	2.768	−9.57	2.769	−9.57	Not-heated
DFT2	rNo. 6	19.31	2.961	−9.47	2.935	−9.44	Not-heated
DFT2	rNo. 7	8.83	2.178	−10.01	2.203	−10.04	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 8	11.19	2.415	−9.85	2.422	−9.86	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 9	9.63	2.265	−9.95	2.283	−9.97	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 10	13.02	2.566	−9.80	2.538	−9.76	Indet.
DFT2	rNo. 11	11.08	2.405	−9.94	2.372	−9.90	Indet.
HDP1	L12–3432	9.54	2.255	−9.96	2.295	−10.01	Not-heated
HDP1	K11-0014	7.38	1.999	−10.20	2.026	−10.23	Heated
HDP1	K11-0016	6.61	1.889	−10.33	1.897	−10.34	Heated
HDP1	K12-0234	4.71	1.550	−10.61	1.560	−10.62	Heated
HDP1	K13-0026	6.26	1.834	−10.33	1.865	−10.37	Heated
HDP1	L11-0021	8.80	2.175	−10.05	2.204	−10.08	Not-heated
HDP1	L11-0048	11.52	2.444	−9.79	2.489	−9.85	Not-heated
HDP1	L12-0394	5.25	1.658	−10.53	1.663	−10.54	Heated
HDP1	L12-0828	7.26	1.983	−10.19	2.021	−10.24	Heated
HDP1	M11-0195	6.20	1.825	−10.35	1.849	−10.38	Heated
HDP1	M11-0262	9.05	2.203	−10.05	2.220	−10.07	Not-heated
HDP1	M11-1803	7.12	1.963	−10.25	1.980	−10.27	Heated
HDP1	M11-2204	7.67	2.037	−10.15	2.073	−10.19	Heated
HDP1	M11-2371	8.39	2.127	−10.20	2.102	−10.17	Heated
HDP1	M12-0017	9.88	2.291	−10.14	2.228	−10.06	Not-heated
HDP1	M12-0081	8.35	2.122	−10.11	2.143	−10.14	Indet.
HDP1	M12-0199	9.00	2.197	−10.00	2.242	−10.05	Not-heated
HDP1	M12-0217	5.66	1.734	−10.44	1.751	−10.46	Heated
HDP1	M12-0225	5.22	1.653	−10.58	1.635	−10.56	Heated
HDP1	M12-2203	8.40	2.128	−10.05	2.176	−10.11	Not-heated
HDP1	M12-3121	4.85	1.580	−10.61	1.577	−10.61	Heated
HDP1	M12-3122	7.59	2.027	−10.19	2.048	−10.21	Heated
HDP1	M12-3372	12.48	2.524	−9.74	2.560	−9.79	Not-heated
HDP1	M12-3554	9.33	2.233	−10.01	2.258	−10.04	Not-heated
HDP1	M13-0014	21.09	3.049	−9.38	3.050	−9.38	Not-heated
HDP1	N12-0012	12.48	2.524	−9.74	2.560	−9.79	Not-heated
HDP1	N13-0891	11.72	2.461	−9.82	2.486	−9.85	Not-heated
HDP1	rNo. 1	5.48	1.701	−10.48	1.712	−10.49	Heated
HDP1	rNo. 2	9.00	2.197	−10.11	2.187	−10.10	Not-heated
HDP1	rNo. 3	13.77	2.622	−9.73	2.625	−9.73	Not-heated
HDP1	rNo. 4	6.70	1.902	−10.30	1.920	−10.32	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 5	7.17	1.970	−10.22	1.999	−10.26	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 6	5.20	1.648	−10.51	1.667	−10.53	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 7	10.31	2.333	−9.96	2.339	−9.97	Not-heated
HDP3	rNo. 8	4.12	1.417	−10.73	1.422	−10.74	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 9	7.18	1.971	−10.28	1.970	−10.28	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 10	4.26	1.450	−10.71	1.451	−10.71	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 11	4.75	1.558	−10.61	1.564	−10.62	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 12	5.10	1.630	−10.56	1.631	−10.56	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 13	5.56	1.715	−10.47	1.726	−10.48	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 14	6.32	1.843	−10.42	1.826	−10.40	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 15	4.88	1.585	−10.65	1.561	−10.62	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 16	14.42	2.669	−9.75	2.641	−9.72	Not-heated
HDP3	rNo. 17	4.70	1.548	−10.63	1.548	−10.63	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 18	5.18	1.645	−10.55	1.645	−10.55	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 19	4.90	1.590	−10.60	1.588	−10.60	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 20	5.27	1.662	−10.54	1.660	−10.54	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 21	5.90	1.774	−10.42	1.785	−10.43	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 22	9.46	2.247	−10.09	2.227	−10.07	Not-heated
HDP3	rNo. 23	4.11	1.414	−10.77	1.401	−10.75	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 24	3.23	1.172	−10.99	1.149	−10.96	Heated
HDP3	rNo. 25	5.58	1.720	−10.48	1.724	−10.48	Heated

rNo. random number for unnumbered pieces. Roughness Ra and entropy S values on the left are measured on archaeological test samples; Ln(Ra) values are calculated from the measured data. Values under ‘x on function [Ln(Ra)]’ are perpendicular projections of Ln(Ra) onto the function derived by fitting experimental reference measurements (for DFT2 samples) and internal reference measurements obtained from known archaeological pre- and post-HT scars (for HDP samples). Values under ‘y on function [S]’ are the corresponding y coordinates on the fitted functions. Entries under ‘Result’ are obtained from the position of the projected values (their 1D variance) with respect to the overlap zone’s position on these fitted functions. Thresholds are defined by the overlap zone in reference scatter plots and are [in Ln(Ra)] for DFT2 samples (obtained on the experimental reference): heated <2.12, indet. >2.12 < 2.65, not-heated >2.65a and for HDP samples (obtained from archaeological HDP pre- and post-HT scars): heated <2.123, indet. >2.123 < 2.157, not-heated > 2.157.

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Table 2 Results of the replica tape measurements of archaeological test samples.

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