Table 1 Countries and languages studied.

Germany (German)

Press conference Chancellor Merkel 11 March 2020

Croatia (Croatian)

Speech addressed to the nation President Milanović.

18 March 2020

NORTH

USA (English)

Address to the Nation

President Donald Trump

11 March 2020

Brunei (Malay)

Speech to the nation

Prime Minister cum Sultan (King) Hassanal Bolkiah. 21 March 2020

Ghana (English)

Speech to the nation

President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo.

11 March 2020

Austria (German)

Press conference Chancellor Kurz

13 March 2020

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian)

Press release.

Presidency Chairman Džaferović

12 March 2020

Mexico (Spanish)

Press conference President Andrés Manuel López Obrador

24 March 2020

Indonesia (Malay)

Speech addressed to the nation President Joko Widodo

15 March 2020

Côte d’Ivoire (French)

Speech addressed to the nation President Alassane Ouattara

23 March 2020

Switzerland (German, Italian, French, Romansh)

Press conference Group of Bundesräte (Simonetta Sommaruga, Alain Berset, Karin Keller-Sutter, Viola Amherd)

16 March 2020

Montenegro (Montenegrin)

Speech addressed to the nation President Djukanović.

18 March 2020

Cuba (Spanish)

Televised show in national TV programme, Mesa Redonda

President Miguel Díaz-Canel

20 March

Malaysia (Malay)

Speech addressed to the nation. Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin 13 March 2020

United Kingdom (English)

Press conference Prime Minister Boris Johnson + 2 science experts

12 March 2020

Serbia (Serbian)

Speech on TV President Vučić.

15 March 2020

SOUTH

Brazil (Portuguese)

Speech to the nation.

President Jair Bolsonaro.

20 March 2020

Singapore (English, Malay, Mandarin)

Speech addressed to the nation Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong

12 March 2020

Spain (Spanish)

Address to the nation. Prime Minister President

Pedro Sánchez

13 March 2020

North Macedonia (Macedonian)

Speech addressed to the nation President Pendarovski.

18 March 2020

Argentina (Spanish)

Speech to the nation

President Alberto Fernández

13 March 2020

Netherlands (Dutch)

Press conference Prime Minister Mark Rutte, Health minister Bruno Bruins, 1 science expert

12 March 2020

Czech Republic (Czech)

Broadcasted speech-address to the nation.

Prime Minister Andrej Babiš

23 March 2020

Chile (Spanish)

Press Conference. President Sebastián Piñera Echenique

13 March 2020

Belgium (Dutch, French)

Speech in Parliament

Prime Minister Sophie Wilmès

19 March 2020

Slovakia (Slovak)

Broadcasted address to the nation.

President Zuzana Čaputová

19 March 2020

Italy (Italian)

Speech addressed to the nation

Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte 11 March 2020

Russia (Russian)

Broadcasted speech-address to the nation.

President Vladimir Putin

25 March 2020

Lithuania (Lithuanian)

Speech broadcast by the national broadcaster

Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis 12 March 2020