Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the variables referring to self-perceived motivation in this approach during the COVID-19 pandemic according to the gender of the participants.

From: Effectiveness of the flipped classroom model on students’ self-reported motivation and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Male (n = 51)

Female (n = 128)

Mann–Whitney U

Z

p

Pre-test

Post-test

Pre-test

Post-test

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

Causes of self-perceived intrinsic motivation

To excel in class

3.07 (1.09)

3.21 (0.91)

3.44 (1.01)

3.33 (1.09)

2406.00

−1.02

0.305

To learn new active methodologies

3.33 (1.03)

3.65 (0.89)

3.73 (1.00)

3.61 (0.96)

2589.50

−0.345

0.730

To improve my future teaching practice.

3.56 (1.02)

3.74 (1.11)

3.86 (1.02)

3.67 (1.05)

2486.50

−0.729

0.466

To improve my autonomy

3.41 (1.13)

3.34 (1.06)

3.46 (1.04)

3.36 (1.10)

2675.50

−0.017

0.987

To interact socially more effectively

3.19 (1.07)

3.37 (1.15)

3.33 (1.15)

3.22 (1.19)

2640.00

−0.149

0.881

To excel in online lessons

3.01 (1.14)

3.09 (1.12)

3.59 (0.99)

3.45 (1.06)

2527.50

−0.565

0.572

Overall/Total intrinsic motivation

3.26 (1.08)

3.4 (1.04)

3.56 (1.03)

3.44 (1.07)

   

Causes of self-perceived extrinsic motivation

To earn points and prizes

3.68 (1.08)

3.62 (1.01)

3.77 (0.96)

3.76 (0.92)

2577.00

−0.389

0.697

To get good grades

3.35 (1.01)

3.30 (1.08)

3.35 (0.92)

3.25 (1.12)

2548.00

−0.494

0.621

Overall/Total extrinsic motivation

3.51 (1.04)

3.46 (1.04)

3.56 (0.94)

3.50 (1.02)