Table 1 Bayesian multilevel models predicting anti-science attitudes across countries.
Model 1: Legacy media use | Model 2: Country-level indicators and cross-level interactions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Estimate | Estimated error | HDI (89%) | Estimate | Estimated error | HDI (89%) |
Fixed effects | ||||||
(Intercept) | 4.241 | 0.138 | 4.034–4.469 | 4.018 | 1.332 | 1.938–6.156 |
Gender (male) | −0.109 | 0.019 | −0.130–−0.077 | −0.109 | 0.018 | −0.137–−0.079 |
Age | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.003–0.005 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.003–0.005 |
Education | −0.090 | 0.005 | −0.098–−0.081 | −0.090 | 0.005 | −0.098–−0.081 |
Income | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.007–0.023 | 0.015 | 0.005 | 0.007–0.022 |
Town size | −0.004 | 0.005 | −0.011–0.004 | −0.004 | 0.005 | −0.011–0.004 |
Religiosity | 0.118 | 0.004 | 0.111–0.124 | 0.118 | 0.004 | 0.112–0.124 |
Political orientation (right) | 0.048 | 0.004 | 0.042–0.054 | 0.048 | 0.004 | 0.042–0.055 |
Legacy media use | 0.008 | 0.025 | −0.032–0.048 | −0.500 | 0.249 | −0.892–−0.106 |
Freedom of the press | 0.000 | 0.006 | −0.009–0.009 | |||
Prevalence of populist rhetoric | −0.052 | 0.179 | −0.346–0.222 | |||
Uncertainty avoidance | 0.007 | 0.006 | −0.002–0.016 | |||
Legacy media use × freedom of the press | −0.000 | 0.001 | −0.002–0.002 | |||
Legacy media use × prevalence of populist rhetoric | 0.068 | 0.033 | 0.013–0.119 | |||
Legacy media use × uncertainty avoidance | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000–0.003 | |||
Random effects | ||||||
Intercepts (SD) | 0.758 | 0.097 | 0.601–0.902 | 0.768 | 0.104 | 0.601–0.920 |
Effects (SD) | 0.143 | 0.020 | 0.110–0.173 | 0.133 | 0.021 | 0.100–0.165 |
Residuals (SD) | 1.915 | 0.006 | 1.905–1.926 | 1.915 | 0.006 | 1.905–1.926 |
