Table 3 Average organisational speed and organisational effectiveness under different simulation configurations over ten trails, with standard deviation in parentheses.

From: Optimising self-organised volunteer efforts in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

κ

Schemes

Change Frequency ∆

2

3

5

Speed

Effectiveness

Speed

Effectiveness

Speed

Effectiveness

60%

Centralised

1.00 (0.00)

810.94 (23.37)

1.00 (0.00)

775.30 (22.46)

1.00 (0.00)

774.75 (22.23)

Hybrid

0.37 (0.04)

890.11 (22.37)

0.45 (0.03)

841.21 (19.60)

0.42 (0.12)

823.10 (17.83)

Self-organised

0.16 (0.03)

957.78 (15.74)

0.14 (0.04)

911.69 (13.38)

0.25 (0.09)

908.73 (12.65)

80%

Centralised

1.00 (0.00)

971.86 (21.49)

1.00 (0.00)

920.10 (20.40)

1.00 (0.00)

916.69 (18.46)

Hybrid

0.31 (0.04)

987.30 (14.14)

0.42 (0.06)

934.31 (14.85)

0.47 (0.17)

923.35 (14.05)

Self-organised

0.16 (0.03)

957.78 (15.74)

0.14 (0.04)

911.69 (13.38)

0.25 (0.09)

908.73 (12.65)

100%

Centralised

1.00 (0.00)

1070.30 (17.21)

1.00 (0.00)

1022.00 (13.90)

1.00 (0.00)

1016.73 (13.71)

Hybrid

0.33 (0.02)

1030.29 (14.93)

0.42 (0.03)

984.35 (11.44)

0.39 (0.07)

979.65 (12.01)

Self-organised

0.16 (0.03)

957.78 (15.74)

0.14 (0.04)

911.69 (13.38)

0.25 (0.09)

908.73 (12.65)

κ

Schemes

 

Centralised Steps τ

 

1

5

10

15

60%

Hybrid

Speed

0.36 (0.04)

0.45 (0.03)

0.49 (0.08)

0.51 (0.09)

Effectiveness

843.35 (21.14)

841.21 (19.60)

833.51 (19.46)

823.90 (18.21)

80%

Speed

0.29 (0.02)

0.42 (0.06)

0.45 (0.05)

0.47 (0.07)

Effectiveness

936.10 (12.69)

934.31 (14.85)

932.06 (13.25)

928.77 (15.49)

100%

Speed

0.34 (0.02)

0.42 (0.03)

0.47 (0.09)

0.54 (0.11)

Effectiveness

982.20 (12.32)

984.33 (11.44)

987.82 (11.83)

991.20 (12.78)

  1. Top: Comparison among three organisation schemes under different observable demand rates \({\upkappa}\) and change frequency ∆. Bottom: The impact of centralised steps τ in the hybrid scheme under different \({\upkappa}\).