Table 1 Previous empirical studies on gender bias in grant peer-review.

From: Gender diversity of research consortia contributes to funding decisions in a multi-stage grant peer-review process

Reference	Country	RFO	Period	Discipline	Dependent Variable	Gender effect
Banal-Estañol et al. (2019)	UK	EPSRC	1991–2007	Engineering and Physical Sciences	Awarded or not	No
Bautista-Puig et al. (2019)	EU	ERC	2007–2016	All Disciplines	Awarded or not	Yes
Bedi et al. (2012)	UK	Wellcome Trust	2000–2008	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Bol et al. (2022)	Netherlands	NWO	2005–2016	All Disciplines	Scores + Evaluation stages	Yes
Burns et al. (2019)	Canada	CIHR	2000–2014	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Cañibano et al. (2009)	Spain	Ramón y Cajal Programme	2005–2006	Physics, Molecular Biology, Philosophy and Philology	Awarded or not	No
Ginther et al. (2011)	USA	NIH	2000–2006	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Ginther et al. (2016)	USA	NIH	2000–2006	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Head et al. (2013)	UK	Various	1997–2010	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Jagsi et al. (2009)	USA	NIH	1993–2007	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Lerchenmueller and Sorenson (2018)	USA	NIH	1985–2015	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Magua et al. (2017)	USA	NIH	2010–2014	Biomedical Sciences	Scores + Sentiment analysis	Yes
Mutz et al. (2014)	Austria	ASF	1999–2009	All Disciplines	Scores + Awarded or not	Small
Pohlhaus et al. (2011)	USA	NIH	1999–2004	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Mixed Results
Sandström and Hällsten (2008)	Sweden	VR	2004	Biomedical Sciences	Scores	No
Severin et al. (2020)	Switzerland	SNSF	2009–2016	All Disciplines	Scores	Yes
Tamblyn et al. (2018)	Canada	CIHR	2001–2005	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
van der Lee and Ellemers (2015)	Netherlands	NWO	2010–2012	All Disciplines	Scores + Sentiment analysis + Evaluation stages	Yes
Witteman et al. (2019)	Canada	CIHR	2011–2016	Biomedical Sciences	Awarded or not	Yes
Yip et al. (2020)	Hong Kong	Univ. of Hong Kong	2015–2020	Social Sciences	Awarded or not	No

Gender bias in research funding has been studied by different research areas, across disciplines and countries for more than three decades. See, e.g., Bornmann et al. (2007) and Marsh et al. (2009) for a systematic review and meta-analysis based on the literature published before 2007. The studies mentioned in this table start from 2008. Only a few studies examine the review materials and each step of the grant evaluation process.

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Table 1 Previous empirical studies on gender bias in grant peer-review.

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