Table 3 Overview of all items [subscales of the TES].

(1) Context manipulation

8.25

3.51

47

a

Inhuman conditions

1.70

0.60

b

Manipulation of environmental conditions

1.61

0.76

c

Altering basic physiological functions

1.41

0.8

d

Sleep dysregulation

1.09

0.86

e

Manipulation sense of time

0.87

0.88

f

Partial deprivation of senses

0.21

0.59

g

Medical induction of altered states

0.21

0.56

h

Other contextual manipulations

1.14

0.96

(2) Fear

6.27

3.86

36

a

Manipulation of hopes and expectations

1.46

0.76

b

Threats against the person

1.18

0.9

c

Threats against family

0.70

0.87

d

Anguish associated with lack of information

1.16

0.87

e

Experience of near death

0.20

0.55

f

Forced witnessing of other’s torture or death

0.39

0.78

g

Use of situations evoking insurmountable fear

0.25

0.61

h

Other situations provoking fear or terror

0.93

0.99

(3) Pain^a

3.32

3.76

17

a

Blunt trauma

0.66

0.84

b

Forced battles against oneself

0.68

0.9

c

Exhaustive exercises

0.14

0.48

d

Other pain-producing actions

0.18

0.54

(4) Extreme pain^a

1.00

2.98

3

a

Devices that produce excruciating pain

0.16

0.53

b

Mutilation

0.11

0.41

c

Brain damage

0.13

0.47

d

Other actions producing extreme pain

0.11

0.41

(5) Sexual integrity^a

1.96

2.82

4

a

Humiliation related to sexual identity

0.20

0.55

b

Sexual assault

0.16

0.5

c

Rape

0

0

d

Other actions targeting sexual integrity

0.63

0.82

(6) Need to belong^a

3.39

4.3

12

a

Prolonged solitary confinement

0.36

0.75

b

Breaking social bonds

0.70

0.81

c

Manipulation of affect

0.29

0.65

d

Other actions targeting the need to belong

0.36

0.72

(7) Identity and control

4.21

3.40

24

a

Attacks on sense of self

0.41

0.65

b

Induced submission and compliance

1.13

0.83

c

Instilling guilt

0.46

0.74

d

Induced shame

0.75

0.84

e

Induced humiliation

0.93

0.85

f

Violation of taboos

0.27

0.56

g

Installing goals and identity

0.14

0.44

h

Other actions targeting identity

0.13

0.43

(8) Coercive interrogation

2.82

4.70

11

a

Extreme conditions during interrogation

0.45

0.78

b

Conditions of interrogation that foster false confessions: extreme emotions

0.38

0.70

c

Conditions of interrogation that foster false confessions: lies or deliberate confessions

0.25

0.61

d

Other extreme coercive actions

0.29

0.66