Table 1 Examples of factors and indicators of the livelihood resilience of an individual household and their relevance to environmental non-migration.
From: “I can migrate, but why should I?”—voluntary non-migration despite creeping environmental risks
Dimension affecting livelihood resilience | Sub-dimension | Factors | Indicators (examples) |
|---|---|---|---|
Societal dimensions | Social | Place attachment, social network, education, gender, culture | Dependency on the neighbours, connection to the local leaders, literacy rate, number of female members, household size, etc. |
Economic | Type of livelihood, wealth, and assets | Farmer, fishermen, land ownership, etc. | |
Political | Trust, conflicts, and cohesion | Membership in the political institute, faith in local decision-making etc. | |
Technical | Road, embankment, shelters etc. | Shelters, nature, and usage of dams and embankments, etc. | |
Environmental dimensions | Climate & weather | Seasonality, summer, monsoon, winter | Rainfall, temperature, duration of summer, duration of monsoon |
Water | Salinity, water stress, access to safe water, | Access to safe drinking water, proximity to rivers, etc. | |
Soils | Soil fertility, siltation, crop productivity | Frequency of rice production per year, the intensity of shrimp-farming etc. | |
Biodiversity | Cultivated crops, reared animals, loss of biodiversity, | Decreased/increased fishes in the river, loss of production, changes in cropping pattern, livestock etc. |
