Table 3 Direct and indirect effects (H1-H6).
Model 1 (H1) | Model 2 (H2-H4) | Model 3 (H1-H6) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypothesized path | β | t-values | β | t-values | β | t-values | Decision |
BPC → AI | −0.265 | 4.289*** | −0.163 | 3.150** | H1 Supported | ||
PC → CEa | 0.129 | 2.325* | 0.130 | 2.298* | H2a Supported | ||
PP → CEa | 0.569 | 12.643*** | 0.569 | 12.844*** | H2b Supported | ||
PR → CEa | 0.162 | 2.859** | 0.162 | 2.803** | H2c Supported | ||
CEa → AI | 0.684 | 17.229*** | 0.651 | 13.592*** | H3 Supported | ||
BPC → PC | −0.219 | 3.453*** | H5a Supported | ||||
BPC → PP | −0.109 | 1.891 | H5b Rejected | ||||
BPC → PR | −0.207 | 3.225*** | H5c Supported | ||||
Indirect effects | |||||||
PC → CEa → AI | 0.088 | 2.205* | 0.084 | 2.198* | H4a Supported | ||
PP → CEa → AI | 0.389 | 10.085*** | 0.370 | 9.006*** | H4b Supported | ||
PR → CEa → AI | 0.111 | 2.874** | 0.106 | 2.832** | H4c Supported | ||
BPC → PC → CEa → AI | −0.018 | 2.044* | H6a Rejected | ||||
BPC → PP → CEa → AI | −0.004 | 1.729 | H6b Supported | ||||
BPC → PR → CEa → AI | −0.002 | 1.745 | H6c Supported | ||||
Explained variance | |||||||
R2 PC | – | – | 0.337 | ||||
R2 PP | – | – | 0.364 | ||||
R2 PR | – | – | 0.328 | ||||
R2 CEa | – | 0.614 | 0.617 | ||||
R2 AI | 0.256 | 0.575 | 0.587 | ||||