Fig. 1: Location of the noble and commoner cemeteries used in this study.

1. Sunjianantou cemetery 2. Zhaijiasi cemetery; 3. Tomb of Yuan Wei and Yu Yirong; 4. Jichang II cemetery; 5. Tomb of Dugu Bin; 6. Xiao Mausoleum of Emperor Wu (Yuwen Yong) and Empress A’shina; 7. Tomb of Li Yu; 8. Tomb of Princess Huihua and General Qifu Xiaoda.