Table 1 Variable descriptions.

From: Spatiotemporal patterns and determinants of renewable energy innovation: Evidence from a province-level analysis in China

Variable

Definition and unit

Source

REI

The number of renewable energy patent grants (file)

China National Intellectual Property Administration (2022)

RD

Public R&D funding (RMB 100 million)

China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology (2007–2020)

GDP

GDP per capita (RMB)

China Statistical Yearbook (2007–2020)

REIC

Renewable energy installed capacity (million kilowatts)

China Electric Power Yearbook (2007–2020)

RES

The proportion of renewable energy power generation (%)

China Electric Power Yearbook (2007–2020)

CO2

CO2 emissions per capita (ton)

China Emission Accounts and Datasets (2022)

IPCII

The proportion of industrial pollution control investment in industrial added value (%)

China Environment Statistical Yearbook (2007–2020)

  1. Missing values were filled using the random forest method.