Fig. 4: Map of evidence of race-based criminal sentencing bias (differential treatment) in federal judicial districts.

This map puts Fig. 3 and Table 3 in geographic context; see those captions for further explanation. The horizontal axis labels in Fig. 3 provide the full district name corresponding to each abbreviation in the map. States marked “none” are those for which our study did not produce evidence of differential treatment. The designation “none” does not mean that differential treatment may not, in reality, exist.