Table 3 Regression analysis for process controls.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Control variables
Msize	0.07 (0.09)*	0.05 (0.20)	0.06 (0.11)	0.05 (0.21)
MR&D	0.05 (0.18)	0.04 (0.20)	0.04 (0.29)	0.03 (0.33)
Emode	0.18 (0.00)***	0.18 (0.00)***	0.15 (0.00)***	0.15 (0.00)***
SFAII	−0.01 (0.98)	−0.01 (0.82)	−0.01 (0.73)	−0.02 (0.56)
GRIM	0.03 (0.27)	0.03 (0.41)	0.03 (0.31)	0.02 (0.45)
GRE	0.08 (0.00)***	0.08 (0.01)**	0.07 (0.01)**	0.07 (0.01)**
DSCBP	0.01 (0.97)	0.01 (0.83)	0.01 (0.67)	0.02 (0.61)
ILG	0.08 (0.02)**	0.07 (0.02)**	0.06 (0.06)*	0.06 (0.08)*
ILI	0.01 (0.80)	0.01 (0.91)	0.01 (0.69)	0.01 (0.78)
NQETM	−0.01 (0.80)	−0.01 (0.80)	−0.02 (0.61)	−0.02 (0.61)
MAsset	−0.03 (0.53)	0.01 (0.93)	−0.02 (0.65)	0.01 (0.91)
Sexp	−0.14 (0.00)***	−0.15 (0.00)***	−0.12 (0.00)***	−0.13 (0.00)***
UHCLF	−0.06 (0.06)*	−0.05 (0.09)*	−0.04 (0.15)	−0.04 (0.16)
MIexp	0.05 (0.28)	0.03 (0.49)	0.03 (0.45)	0.02 (0.68)
ISG	−0.02 (0.65)	−0.02 (0.71)	0.01 (0.96)	0.01 (0.89)
MM	−0.17 (0.00)***	−0.16 (0.00)***	−0.16 (0.00)***	−0.15 (0.00)***
CP	−0.09 (0.00)***	−0.08 (0.01)**	−0.01 (0.00)***	−0.08 (0.01)**
FTO	−0.07 (0.03)**	−0.08 (0.03)**	−0.06 (0.06)*	−0.07 (0.05)*
Independent variables
Resource (H1)		0.08 (0.00)***		0.09 (0.00)***
Market (H2)		−0.12 (0.00)***		−0.09 (0.00)***
Htrc (H3)			0.16 (0.00)***	0.15 (0.00)***
Strc (H4)			−0.14 (0.00)***	−0.15 (0.00)***
Ptrc (H5)			−0.11 (0.00)***	−0.10 (0.00)***
F-value	8.17***	8.51***	10.33***	10.28***
R²	0.13	0.15	0.18	0.19
Adjusted R²	0.11	0.13	0.16	0.17
Δ Adjusted R²		0.02	0.05	0.06
Hierarchical F-value		10.18***	20.42***	18.99***

Standardized regression coefficients (β) with *if p < 0.05; **if p < 0.01; ***if p < 0.001.
Msize multinational corporations’ size, MIexp multinational corporations’ international experience, MR&D multinational corporations’ R&D expenses, Emode entry mode, SFAII subsidiaries’ fixed asset investment intensity, Sexp subsidiaries’ experience, ISG importance of subsidiary in group, GRIM government restrictions on the ratio of imports and exports, GRE government restrictions on equity, DSCBP differences in social customs and business practices, ILG inefficiency of the local government, ILI insufficient local infrastructure, NQETM non-availability of qualified expertise and technological mechanics, UHCLF uncertainty of home country legal framework, MM metal and machinery, CP chemicals and plastics, FTO food, textile and others, IE information and electronics, Resource resource-seeking motivation, Market market-seeking motivation, Htrc headquarters’ technological resource commitment, Strc subsidiary’s technological resource commitment, Ptrc partners’ technological resource commitment.

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