Table 1 Characteristics of study participants.
From: The contributions of neighbourhood design in promoting metabolic health
Variable | Total (n = 6718) | Women (n = 4455) | Men (n = 2263) | pa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) or N (%) | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Mean (SD) or N (%) | ||
Age (years) | 54.3 (9.4) | 53.5 (9.3) | 55.9 (9.4) | 0.000 |
Marital status | ||||
Married or not married, but living with someone | 5041 (75.0) | 3152 (70.8) | 1889 (83.5) | 0.000 |
Separated or divorced | 926 (13.8) | 747 (16.8) | 179 (7.9) | |
Widowed | 271 (4.0) | 219 (4.9) | 52 (2.3) | |
Single, never married | 480 (7.1) | 337 (7.6) | 143 (6.3) | |
Highest education level | ||||
Some or entire high school | 1211 (18.0) | 840 (18.9) | 371 (16.4) | 0.000 |
Some or entire technical college training | 2433 (36.2) | 1621 (36.4) | 812 (35.9) | |
Some or entire university degree | 2146 (31.9) | 1449 (32.5) | 697 (30.8) | |
Some or entire university postgraduate degree | 928 (13.8) | 545 (12.2) | 383 (16.9) | |
Ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian | 6084 (90.6) | 4031 (90.5) | 2053 (90.7) | 0.791 |
Other | 634 (9.4) | 424 (9.5) | 210 (9.3) | |
Employment status | ||||
Employed (full-time or part-time) | 4567 (68.0) | 3011 (67.6) | 1556 (68.8) | 0.333 |
Unemployed | 2151 (32.0) | 1444 (32.4) | 707 (31.2) | |
Current smoking status | ||||
Non-smokers (including former smokers) | 6300 (93.8) | 4196 (94.2) | 2104 (93.0) | 0.030 |
Smokers | 418 (6.2) | 259 (5.8) | 159 (7.0) | |
Annual household income (Canadian Dollars) | ||||
$0 to 49,999 | 997 (14.8) | 726 (16.3) | 271 (12.0) | 0.000 |
$50,000 to 74,999 | 1026 (15.3) | 704 (15.8) | 322 (14.2) | |
$75,000 to 99,999 | 1019 (15.2) | 670 (15.0) | 349 (15.4) | |
$100,000 to 149,999 | 1458 (21.7) | 898 (20.2) | 560 (24.7) | |
$150,000 to 199,999 | 839 (12.5) | 540 (12.1) | 299 (13.2) | |
$200,000 or more | 893 (13.3) | 558 (12.5) | 335 (14.8) | |
Refused to answer | 486 (7.2) | 359 (8.1) | 127 (5.6) | |
Abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women | 3412 (50.8) | 2433 (54.6) | 979 (43.3) | 0.000 |
Elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L) | 2913 (43.4) | 1665 (37.4) | 1248 (55.1) | 0.000 |
Reduced High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (<1.03 mmol/L for men and <1.30 mmol/L for women) | 1721 (25.6) | 1071 (24.0) | 650 (28.7) | 0.000 |
Elevated haemoglobin A1c (≥5.7%) | 2895 (43.1) | 1812 (40.7) | 1083 (47.9) | 0.000 |
Elevated blood pressure (systolic ≥130 or diastolic ≥85 mm Hg) | 2150 (32.0) | 1140 (25.6) | 1010 (44.6) | 0.000 |
The number of metabolic syndrome risk factors | 1.95 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 0.000 |
Having metabolic syndrome | 2304 (34.3) | 1375 (30.9) | 929 (41.1) | 0.000 |
