Fig. 9: Coefficients difference and direction change of influencing factors before and after the landfall.

The left panel indicates the change values of influencing factors’ coefficients. The right panel shows the coefficients changes’ direction of corresponding influencing factors. P represents positive coefficients. N represents negative coefficients. a, b Export value, c, d CPI, e, f proportion of nonreligious beliefs, g, h GDP loss rate, i, j population.