Table 3 Scale items, reliability, and validity of the independent variables.
Variables | Item description | References | Cronbach’s alpha | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction | Existence of the requirement | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.525 |
Parking space | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Access to clean restrooms | Li and Cai (2012) | ||||
Access to potable water | |||||
Cleanliness of the environment | |||||
City bus Access | |||||
Access to the taxi | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Value money | |||||
Security of the area | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Expectations fulfilled | Machida et al. (2009) | ||||
Sightseeing | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Services offered | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Place | Access to the airport | Tikunov et al. (2017) | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.516 |
Access to proper road and railway | Tikunov et al. (2017) | ||||
View of hot spring complex buildings | Taghizadeh Yazdi and Barazandeh (2016) | ||||
lack of traffic | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
The proximity of the spa complexes to the hotel | Tikunov et al. (2017) | ||||
The beauty of the landscape | Chlachula (2019) | ||||
Cultural attractions | Chlachula (2019) | ||||
Marketing and price | Having a website and publishing a brochure by the desired spa complexes | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | 0.75 | 0.81 | 0.503 |
Cost-effectiveness of services provided (massage service, etc.) | |||||
Marketing of tourism-related organizations | |||||
Dynamic private sector contribution | |||||
The existence of famous sites to know about the tourism potential of the area | |||||
The existence of active agents to attract health tourists | |||||
Providing entertainment and health packages | |||||
Fair accommodation price | NajafiNasab et al. (2018) | ||||
Fair price for services | NajafiNasab et al. (2018) | ||||
Quality-facilities | Standard quality of equipment provided in the hot springs | Tharakan (2014) | 0.76 | 0.82 | 0.515 |
Providing high-quality recreational and health services | Tharakan (2014) | ||||
Providing various types of health and wellness services (yoga, relaxation, etc.) | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Various health and entertainment facilities | Fennell and Bowyer (2020) | ||||
Service personnel’s awareness of first aid | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Internet access | Tharakan (2014) | ||||
Appropriate transportation | |||||
Suitable hiking pass | Esfandiari and Choobchian (2020) | ||||
Cleanliness and hygiene of the spa complex |
