Fig. 1: Illustration of a reference-citation relationship of MJs.
From: Citation beneficiaries of discipline-specific mega-journals: who and how much

We give an example of how citations of the cited journals are contributed by papers of MJs. Limited to the citing data in Fig., the bibliometric analysis is as follows: Journal A wins 3 citations from MJs; Journal B wins 3 citations from MJs; Journal C wins 2 citations from MJs; and Journal D wins 3 citations from MJs. Therefore, MJs contributed 11 citations in 2021 to Journals A, B, C and D during 2019–2021.