Fig. 4: Different stages of cascading trajectories of Geo-PN-based Global seafood simulations in 2030 under the COVID-19 pandemic crisis shock.
From: After the pandemic: the global seafood trade market forecasts in 2030
a In the initial two cascading stages, the pandemic shock originated in China and subsequently propagated to the Oceania developing region, Africa, and East and Southeastern Asia. These regions, in turn, initiated cascades of the shock towards Europe and North America; b In the second round of cascading stages South America began experiencing the influence of the pandemic shock. c In the third round of the cascading stage, the cascading trajectory started to repeat, and all countries faced multiple impacts; d In the fourth round of the cascading stage, the cascading effect intensified and repeated across all regions, indicating a widespread and sustained influence of the pandemic shock.
