Fig. 11: The effects of COVID–19 on jobs–housing relation: group analysis.

This figure shows the post–pandemic change in pre–post– relocation commute time change relative to pre–pandemic level for middle–income home movers a, high–income home movers b, middle–income work movers c, high–income work movers d, middle–income home–and–work movers e, and high–income home–and–work movers f. The main graphs show the results of “velocity” models (\(\Delta y_J = M_J + \overline {\Delta y} _{pre - pandemic}\)). The small graphs embedded in the main graphs show the results of “acceleration” models (\(\Delta y_j = \mu _j + \overline {\Delta y} _{pre - pandemic}\)). Dashed black lines show pre–pandemic means, dashed red lines and solid red dots show post–pandemic deviations, and hollow red dots show the 90% confidence intervals of post–pandemic deviations.