Table 1 Parameters and variables symbol descriptions.

C_G

Governmental regulation cost

L_G

The loss of social welfare

P_E

Governmental punishments for SMMEs

R_E

Governmental rewards for SMMEs

P_T

Governmental punishments for TDEs

R_T

Governmental rewards for TDEs

C_E

The DT cost in SMMEs

R_G

The social benefits that governments obtained from DT if TDE guide SMMEs

R_NG

The social benefits governments obtained if SMMEs conduct DT independently

R_S

Government subsidies provided to SMMEs implementing DT

R_GE

The revenue that SMMEs obtain from the DT if TDEs guide them

R_NGE

The revenue that SMMEs obtain from the DT if TDEs do not guide them

C_T

The directive cost of TDEs

R_ZT

The revenue that TDEs obtain from SMMEs if TDEs guide SMMEs to conduct DT

L_T

The loss that TDEs suffer if TDEs do not guide SMMEs to conduct DT

X

The probability that governments implement random regulation

Y

The probability that TDEs guide SMMEs to conduct DT

Z

The probability that SMMEs use government-assigned resources to conduct DT