Table 3 The alignment of PipaXing and its translations.

From: Text complexity and translation styles from the perspective of individuation: a case study of the English translations of Pipa Xing

Stages

The corresponding sentences

T1_ST

T2_Xu

T3_Yang & Yang

T4_Lin

T5_Zhang & Wilson

T6_Bynner & Kiang

T7_Crammer-Byng

T8_Watson

T9_Gaunt

T10_Giles

S1_Orientation: The poet bids farewell to friends.

1–3

1–3

1-2(3)

1–5

1-2

1–3

1-2(5)

1-2

1-2

1–4(3)

S2_Event: The poet encounters a pipa musician playing a song and invites her to perform.

4–7

4–7

2(4)–5

7–12

3–7

4–8

2(6)–4

3–7

3–8

4(4)–9

S3_Description: The musician skillfully plays the pipa.

8–19

8–19

6–10

13–23

8–16

9–17

5–11(1)

8–16

9–20

10–16(1)

S4_Reaction: The musician reminisces about the past and reflects on the present.

20–31

20–30

11–18

24–38

17–28

18–21

11(2)–21

17–27

21–32

16(2)–28

S5_Evaluation: The poet empathizes with the musician’s melancholy and express his own.

32–41

31–42

19–23

39–49

29–37

22–36

22–29

28–38

33–46

29–36

S6_Coda: The musician responds with a poignant pipa melody, moving everyone to tears.

42–44

43–46

24–25

50–53

38–39

37–41

30–31

39–41

47–49

37–38