Table 2 Nonspatial and spatial regression analyses of funding of the Community Social Service Centres of Andalusia, 2019 (n = 184).
From: Analysis of the funding of social services from a spatial approach in Andalusia (Spain)
Model 1 - OLS | Model 2 - OLS | Model 3 - spatial lag | Model 4 - spatial lag | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficients (standard errors in parentheses) | ||||
Intercept | 2.3855*** (0.3053) | 2.0367*** (0.0539) | 1.6305*** (0.3692) | 1.3741*** (0.2372) |
Ageing index | 0.0015*** (0.0004) | 0.0014*** (0.0002) | 0.0014*** (0.0004) | 0.0014*** (0.0002) |
% Employees in the primary sector | 0.0007*** (0.0003) | 0.0006*** (0.0002) | 0.0006*** (0.0002) | 0.0005*** (0.0002) |
% Foreign population | −0.0042** (0.0018) | −0.0030** (0.0013) | −0.0042** (0.0017) | −0.0031** (0.0012) |
Log(Population density) | −0.0656*** (0.0205) | −0.0838*** (0.0155) | −0.0439** (0.0204) | −0.0627*** (0.0160) |
% Unemployment | 0.0014 (0.0036) | – | 0.003 (0.0035) | – |
% Emigrants | 0.0005 (0.0087) | – | 0.001 (0.0083) | – |
Sex ratio | −0.0042 (0.0030) | – | −0.0044 (0.0028) | – |
Dependence index | 0.0002 (0.0037) | – | 0.0012 (0.0036) | – |
Spatial term | – | – | 0.3211*** (0.1083) | 0.3061*** (0.1097) |
Model diagnosis | ||||
R2 | 0.5861 | 0.5805 | – | – |
Pseudo R2 | – | – | 0.6058 | 0.5990 |
F-statistic | 30.9778*** (p = 0.000) | 61.9291*** (p = 0.000) | – | – |
Akaike information criterion index | −265.175 | −270.703 | −270.874 | −275.837 |
Schwarz criterion | −236.24 | −254.628 | −238.725 | −256.547 |
Normality of errors test (Jarque-Bera) | 0.5482 (p = 0.760) | 0.3684 (p = 0.832) | – | – |
Heteroscedasticity tests (Breusch-Pagan) | 5.5334 (p = 0.699) | 3.6042 (p = 0.462) | 5.4417 (p = 0.709) | 2.8135 (p = 0.590) |
Multicollinearity Condition Index | 130.9871 | 15.0827 | – | – |
Spatial dependence tests | ||||
Global Moran’s I for residuals | 0.0559*** (p = 0.001) | 0.0685*** (p = 0.001) | 0.0019 (pseudo p > 0.10) | 0.0121 (pseudo p > 0.10) |
Lagrange Multiplier (lag) | 9.3179*** (p = 0.002) | 8.8224*** (p = 0.003) | – | – |
Robust LM (lag) | 4.7992** (p = 0.028) | 2.8695* (p = 0.090) | – | – |
Lagrange Multiplier (error) | 4.5956** (p = 0.032) | 6.8880*** (p = 0.009) | – | – |
Robust LM (error) | 0.0770 (p = 0.781) | 0.9351 (p = 0.334) | – | – |
Likelihood Ratio Test | - | – | 7.6992*** (p = 0.006) | 7.1335*** (p = 0.008) |
